微生态制剂在肉鸡饲料中应用效果的研究

试验选用1日龄商品代黄羽肉鸡混合苗500只,随机分成五组,设1个对照组及4个试验组,试验组分别在对照组基础上添加不同剂量微生态制剂,以探讨其效果。结果显示：“保得”微生态制剂能够取代肉鸡饲粮中的抗生素、抗菌药组基础上添加不同剂量微生态制剂,以探讨其效果,结果显示：“保得”微生态制剂能够取代肉鸡饲粮中的抗生素、抗菌药物类生长促进剂;微生态制剂适宜添加方式为饮水中添加;饮水中“保得”微生态制剂适宜添加量为小鸡150mg/kg、中鸡100mg/kg、大鸡50mg/kg;饲料中“保得”微生态制剂适宜添加量为小鸡600mg/kg、中鸡400mg/kg、大鸡200mg/kg;微生态制剂能有效地改善肉鸡的胴体品质及消除畜产品中药物残留。     

利用核型多角体病毒防治豆天蛾幼虫的研究

室内试验,豆天蛾核型多角体病毒感染3龄幼虫的致死中浓度(LC_(50))为1.4×10~(4(?)8)个多角体/毫升。田间试验,喷施1.6×10~7多角体/毫升的病虫尸匀浆液,对豆天蛾幼虫的防治效果在70％左右。豆天蛾核型多角体病毒与苏云金杆菌或银纹夜娥核型多角体病毒混用,防治同时发生的多种大豆害虫的总效果明显提高,虫口下降率可达90％左右。     

Effects of Supplementing a Basal Diet of Chloris gayana Hay with One of Three Protein-rich Legume Hays of Cassia rotundifolia,Lablab purpureus and Macroptilium atropurpureum Forage on Some Nutritional Parameters in Goats

Growth and digestibility experiments were conducted on growing East African type goats offered Chloris gayana hay supplemented with one of three high-protein (119–128 g CP/kg DM) legume hays, Cassia rotundifolia (cassia), Lablab purpureus (lablab) or Macroptilium atropurpureum (siratro), and crushed maize to investigate the feed intake, digestibility, growth and urinary excretion of purine derivatives. Goats in the supplemented groups had higher total dry matter and nitrogen intakes and higher N retention and body mass gains than unsupplemented counterparts. The digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and neutral detergent fibre were increased by protein supplementation. Animals on supplemented diets had higher fractional outflow rates of particulate matter from the rumen. The production of protein by ruminal microbes and the efficiency of microbial N production were increased by supplementation. It was concluded that a mixture of low-quality grass hay (61.9 CP/kg DM) and either cassia, lablab or siratro hay, and maize grain can provide a productive balanced diet for growing goats.     

新垦淡灰钙土微生物生物量碳、氮、磷及玉米产量的研究

通过设置在宁夏红寺堡灌区开垦4 a的淡灰钙土上的定位试验,研究了不同施肥对新垦淡灰钙土微生物生物量碳、氮、磷及玉米产量的影响。结果表明:各施肥处理可以明显提高土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷含量,不同处理相比,化肥配合羊粪效果最好,单施羊粪次之,单施化肥最低;与对照相比各施肥处理对玉米的增产效果极显著,各处理作用效果的排序为:氮磷 羊粪>氮磷锌钾>氮磷锌>氮磷>氮>羊粪>不施肥,氮磷 羊粪处理与单施氮肥和单施羊粪之间差异达极显著水平。化肥与有机肥羊粪配合施用既能显著增加土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷含量又能使玉米产量显著提高,因此是新垦淡灰钙土施肥的最佳选择。土壤微生物量碳与有机碳呈极显著正相关,与全氮呈显著正相关,表明其与土壤肥力关系密切,可作为评价新垦地土壤质量变化的生物学指标。     

The Role of Vitamins and Feed Enzymes in Combating Metabolic Challenges and Disorders

The potential exists for vitamins and feed enzymes to counteract some metabolic disorders and challenges in poultry. Recent research indicates that increased levels of vitamins E and C are able to reduce ascites-related mortality in broiler chickens. Fatty liver and kidney syndrome is a nutritionally induced metabolic disorder that has been eliminated under practical production conditions due to regular supplementation of poultry diets with biotin. There is also experimental evidence for beneficial effects of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol on the incidence and severity of skeletal and performance anomalies in broilers. Another challenge is the presence of high levels of indigestible and partly soluble nonstarch polysaccharides in many cereals and other plant feed ingredients, resulting in various antinutritive effects. The use of feed enzymes, in particular endo-1,3-1,4-β-glucanase and endo-1,4-β-xylanase, to counteract these adverse effects is well implemented by the feed industry. A typical example of metabolic challenge is the reduced availability of phytate P in plant feed ingredients and the potential for phytate to act as an antinutritional component. Microbial phytase provides a practical solution for improving P availability in plant ingredients. In addition, recent studies suggest phytate can stimulate endogenous losses, and phytase can help prevent those losses.     

菌种生产杂菌污染的原因分析及综合控制

按菌种的生产流程,从原料、环境、灭菌、接种、发菌等各个环节入手,详尽阐述了菌种生产中造成杂菌污染的原因,并提出了切实可行的控制措施。     

Treatment of cow-waste slurry by a microbial fuel cell and the properties of the treated slurry as a liquid manure

Resource recycling and the proper treatment of animal waste to reduce its environmental impact are currently important issues for the livestock industry. A microbial fuel cell (MFC), a new type of bioreactor, is expected to play roles in both waste‐water purification and energy recovery. However, the generation of electricity from cow waste has not yet been examined. In this study, using an MFC, we examined the possibility of generating electricity from dairy‐cow waste slurry, and analyzed the properties of the treated slurry as liquid manure for resource recycling. The MFC treatment of the slurry generated electricity in a dose‐dependent manner, and the maximum power output by the MFC from a 1 g of chemical oxygen demand/L slurry was 0.34 mW/m². After the MFC treatment, 84% of the biological oxygen demand in the slurry was removed and three essential fertilizer elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) were retained at 84, 70, and 91% levels, respectively. The amount of ammonia nitrogen in the slurry, as an element of fast‐release fertilizer, was increased by 1.9‐fold. Although the treated slurry displayed properties that made it preferable as liquid manure, further studies to improve the electrical power output by the MFC are required for practical use.     

微生物除草剂与生物安全

随着人类环境意识的提高和农业可持续发展的需要,高效、环保微生物除草剂的研究越来越显示其重要的社会意义和经济价值。本文概述了微生物除草剂的种类、剂型及特点,介绍了利用微生物及其天然产物防治杂草的潜在优势和目前国内外的研究进展,尤其是对微生物除草剂的生物安全性进行了评价。     

微生物肥料促进红松幼苗生长的研究

微生物肥料采用多项国际国内领先技术研制、生产,具有高效、环保等特点。应用微生物肥料进行林业育苗可促进苗木的生长,为天然林保护工程和退耕还林还草工程提供高质量的幼苗。本文对微生物肥料培育林业建设苗木进行了研究,试验结果表明,微生物肥料促进红松生长,施用微生物肥料的红松,其株高、地径及生物量均有明显增长,可为林业建设提供优质苗木。     

基于Meta分析研究毛竹入侵致土壤pH提升及养分和微生物群落结构的变化

诸多研究发现毛竹入侵周围林分提高土壤pH，但未见统计性描述报道。为此，本研究将通过大数据分析证实此现象的普遍性以及探究伴随的土壤养分和微生物变化。本研究收录包含毛竹入侵有关土壤pH变化的42篇文献总计101组数据，采用整合分析方法（Meta-analysis）进行深入探讨。在研究土壤养分变化时，本文还结合了团队采集的12个毛竹入侵带的样地数据总计92个样品18组数据进行分析。结果表明，在所有的数据组中，84.9%的土壤在经过毛竹入侵后其pH有不同幅度的提升，说明毛竹入侵周围林分普遍提高土壤pH；土壤pH增加幅度随入侵阶段、毛竹纯林时间增加而增加，随土层深度增加而降低；入侵针叶林致土壤pH增加的幅度高于阔叶林。入侵的毛竹纯林与原生林相比，总体上显著降低（P<0.05）了土壤全氮（-15.9%）、硝态氮（-21.7%）、全碳（-2.0%），却增加（P<0.05）了土壤有效磷（+54.9%）、铵态氮（+14.7%）和碱解氮（+8.2%）。对27篇包含微生物数据的文献进行整合分析，结果表明毛竹入侵改变了微生物群落结构，增加（P<0.05）了放线菌门相对丰度（+25.86%），而降低（P<0.05）了酸杆菌门（-15.49%）、浮霉菌门（-26.66%）、拟杆菌门（-22.58%）的相对丰度。本研究通过Meta分析证明毛竹入侵周围林分提高土壤pH为普遍自然现象，结合土壤硝态氮和铵态氮指标的变化推测了导致土壤pH提升的可能机制，毛竹入侵提高了土壤细菌和真菌多样性，表明入侵对土壤微生物具有正反馈效应。